Solar powered heating and air conditioning is the ultimate target of this blog.

Here is a design of an absorption chiller.  Instead of using a compressor, the device works on chemical vapor pressure differentials.  No moving parts.  If made from stainless steel, it will work forever without maintenance.

                          _________________

Einstein Refrigerator    /_________________\

                        //                 \\

System Pressure 58 PSI ||                   ||

                       ||                   ||

                     __||_                  ||

                    / /   \            <    //    >

                   / //    )           <   //     >

                  / //__  /            <   \\     >

                 / /     /             <    \\    >

    Separator > / //    /  Condenser > <     \\   >

               / //__  /      107.3F   <     //   >

              / /     /                <    //    >

             / //    /                 <   //     >

            / //__  /                      ||      

           / /     /             +-------- || ------------+

          / //    /              |  _______||_______      |

         / //__  /               | /       ||       \___  |

        / /     /                | |       ||        _  \ |

       / //    /                 | |       ||       / | | |

      / //__  /       Evaporator ->|       ||       | | | |

     / /     /               19F | |       ||       | | | |

    / //    (_____               | |~~~~~~~||~~~~~~~| | | |

   / //           \              | | Butane|| or ?? | | | |

  (~~||~~~~~~~~~~~~)  A/C Duct ->| |~~~~~~~||~~~~~~~| | | |

   \_||_______||__/              | |   NH3  || + H2O | | | |

     ||       ||                 | | _ ____||____ _ | | | |

    /  \      ||                 |  \_______________/ | | |

   /    \ <-- || - Percolator    +--------------------| |-+

  /      \    ||                     _________________/ /

 /  ||    \   ||           107.3F   /                  /

(~~~||~~~~~)  ||         Absorber > |                 /_

 \__||_||_/   ||____________________|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ |

    || ||     |______________________      Water      |||

    || ||                           \________________/ ||

    || ||______________________________________________||

   /  \| _______________________________________________|

  /     |                       

 /      \    215F                   

(~~~~~~~~) < Boiler             

 \______/    Ammonia (NH3) and water  

  /\/\/\                        

 /\/\/\/\                       

   Heat                                        

from solar                                     

collectors                                    

• Generator or "boiler" - generates ammonia gas
• Separator - separates ammonia gas from water
• Condenser - where hot ammonia gas is cooled and condensed to create liquid ammonia
• Evaporator - where liquid ammonia evaporates to create cold temperatures inside the A/C Duct
• Absorber - absorbs the ammonia gas in water

Base Case Performance, The Maximum Lift, and Variable Performance

The base case for the Einstein refrigeration cycle was chosen to be ammonia-water-butane at a system pressure of 4 bar, a condenser/absorber temperature of 315 K, an evaporator temperature of 266 K, and a generator temperature of 375 K. First, a suitable temperature for the condenser/absorber was chosen to be around 110 F, or 315 K so that heat could be rejected to ambient air.
[1 Bar = 1 atmosphere (14.696 PSI) * 0.98692 = 14.504 PSI.  4 bar = 58.015 PSI.]
Pure butane at a pressure of 4 bar condenses at 315 K. The addition of ammonia allows the mixture to boil as low as 266 K, therefore, the base case system pressure was chosen to be 4 bar. At 4 bar, the minimum temperature at which the ammonia-butane mixture can boil is the three phase flash temperature, as discussed in Chapter III. The system pressure fixes this temperature so this temperature is known as soon as a system pressure is chosen. Therefore, the 4 bar ammonia butane three phase flash temperature, 266 K, is used for the base case evaporator temperature.

The base case generator temperature will be                             375 K = 215 F.

The addition of ammonia allows the mixture to boil as low as 266 K = 19 F.

Condenser/absorber temperature of                                           315 K = 107.33 F.

Evaporator temperature                                                              266 K = 19 F.